John Henry Newman, umuhanga wa 38 mu nyigisho za Kiliziya

Kiliziya yungutse umuhanga wa 38 mu nyigisho zayo. Ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2025, ku munsi w’Abatagatifu bose wizihizwa kuwa 1 Ugushyingo buri mwaka, Nyirubutungane Papa Leon XIV yatangaje Mutagatifu John Henry Newman, wavukiye mu Bwongereza, nk’umuhanga wa 38 mu nyigisho za Kiliziya, akaba n’umurinzi w’uburezi Gatolika ku isi yose. Ku rutonde rw'Abahanga mu nyigisho za Kiliziya akurikira Mutagatifu Irene w'i Lyon, umwe mu bakurambere ba Kiliziya, umumaritiri wambere wageze kuri uru rwego, akaba n’uwambere wavuze iby’uruhererekane rw’inyigisho za Kiliziya avuguruza ubuyobe. Yageze kuri uru rutonde mu 2022.

John Henry Newman ni muntu ki?

John Henry Newman yavukiye i Londres kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1801, apfira i Edgbaston kuwa 11 Kanama 1890. Ku ikubitiro yari umwangilikani, mu 1845 nibwo yahindukiriye ukwemera kwa Kiliziya Gatolika. Yiga muri kaminuza ya Oxford, nibwo yabaye Pasiteri mu Itorero Angilikani, aba icyamamare n’umwigisha ukomeye mu by’iyobokamana kubera no kwandika inyandiko nyinshi zigamije kurengera ubwigenge bw’Itorero ry’Abangilikani imbere y’ubutegetsi bw’u Bwongereza.

Ubushakashatsi bwe ku Bakurambere ba Kiliziya (les Pères de l'Église) ni bwo bwamutumye ahinduka, nyuma yo kumenya Kiliziya Gatolika ari yo irinda neza imizi y’ukwemera kwa Gikristu, bituma ayigana. Yahawe ubupadiri mu 1847, ashinga Umuryango “la Congrégation de l'Oratoire” mu Bwongereza, hanyuma ajya i Dublin gushinga kaminuza ya gikirisitu. 

Hari bamwe mu mu basaseridoti (clergé catholique britannique) batamwumvaga neza, mu gihe abo yasize mu Itorero Angilikani bamufataga nk’umuhakanyi (apostat). Kugira ngo asobanure impamvu z’ihinduka rye, yanditse igitabo Apologia Pro Vita Sua, cyamuhaye izina rikomeye. 

Igihe havukaga impaka ku ihame ryo kutibeshya kwa Papa (infaillibilité pontificale), Newman yanditse Ibaruwa yandikiye Duke wa Norfolk, arengera Kiliziya Gatolika; ibitekerezo by’iyo baruwa byagarutsweho mu nama ya Vatican II. Papa Leo XIII, watowe mu 1878, yamugize karidinali mu 1879. John Henry Newman yapfuye afite imyaka 89.

Yabaye umwigisha ukomeye mu by’iyobokamana n’ubumenyamuntu bwa Kristu (Christologie), kandi afatwa nk’imwe mu nkingi zikomeye za Kiliziya Gatolika mu Bwongereza, hamwe na Thomas More, Henry Edward Manning na Ronald Knox. Yabaye umuntu w’igenzi ku bandi banditsi n’abahanga benshi b’Abagatolika b’i Burayi, cyane cyane abari baravuye mu Itorero ry’Abangilikani. Nk’uko Xavier Tilliette yabivuze, “ni umuntu wihariye cyane, umeze nk’Itara rya Pasika muri Kiliziya Gatolika y’ikinyejana cya 19.”

Ibyanditswe bye nka Grammaire de l’assentiment na Apologia Pro Vita Sua byabaye isoko y’inyigisho (reference) ku banditsi nka G. K. Chesterton, Evelyn Waugh, Julien Green, ndetse n’abahanga muri Tewolojiya na Filozofiya nka Avery Dulles, Erich Przywara na Edith Stein, uyu akaba yarahinduye bimwe mu bitabo bye mu kidage. John Henry Newman yashyizwe mu rwego rwa “Venerable” na Kongere ishinzwe iby’Abatagatifu mu 1991, maze Papa Benedigito wa XVI amushyira mu rwego rw’Abahire i Birmingham ku ya 19 Nzeri 2010. Papa Fransisiko yamutangaje nk’umutagatifu ku ya 13 Ukwakira 2019.