Menya Dikasiteri, urwego rwa Kiliziya (Igice cya 1)

Ibendera rya Vatikani

Dikasiteri (dicastère, du grec “dikastèrion” bisobanuye ingoro y’ubutabera ‘cour de justice’) ni urwego Papa yifashisha mu buyobozi bwa Kiliziya. Ni rwo rumufasha gukoresha ububasha bwe uko bwakabaye (pouvoir ordinaire, suprême, plénier, immédiat et universel) muri Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma. Dikasiteri twayigereranya na minisiteri, bigatandukanira ko mu nzego za Kiliziya, buri Dikasiteri igengwa mu buryo butaziguye na Papa, igakora mu izina rye, kandi yunze ubumwe na we.

Dushingiye ku nyandiko ya Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yitwa Umushumba mwiza (Constitution apostolique Pastor Bonus), Kiliziya ifite amadikasiteri akurikira :

1.     Ubunyamabanga bwa Vatikani (la secrétairerie d’État)

2.      Ama « congrégations » 9 (Les neuf congrégations romaines)

3.     Inkiko eshatu za Kiliziya (les trois tribunaux du Saint-Siège)

4.     Inama za Papa 12 (les douze conseils pontificaux)

5.     Inzego zishinzwe ubukungu (les différents services administratifs chargés des affaires économiques)

Turebere hamwe inshamake ya Dikasiteri eshanu mu zibarizwa muzi Kiliziya Gatulika. 

I.            Dikasiteri ishinzwe Iyogezabutumwa (Dicastère pour l’Évangélisation)

Iyi dikasiteri ishinzwe iyogezabutumwa rigamije kumenyekanisha hose Kristu, Rumuri rw’amahanga bityo abamumenye bakamuhamya mu mvugo no mu ngiro. Iryo yogezabutumwa rigomba kandi gutuma umubiri mayobera (Corps mystique) wa Kristu ukomeza kwiyubaka. Dikasiteri ishinzwe Iyogezabutumwa yibanda ku ngingo z’ingenzi z’iyogezabutumwa ku isi, ku gushinga no guherekeza kiliziya nshya (nouvelles Églises particulières) muri Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Ububasha bwayo ntibugera kuri Kiliziya z’iburengerazuba (les Églises Orientales) kuko zo zifite indi Dikasiteri izishinzwe.

Iyi dikasiteri igizwe n’amashami abiri : ishami rishinzwe ingingo remezo z’iyogezabutumwa ku isi (Section pour les questions fondamentales de l’évangélisation dans le monde) n’irindi rishinzwe iyogezabutumwa ry’ikubitiro na kiliziya zihariye nshya (Section pour la première évangélisation et les nouvelles Eglises particulières) zivuka mu ifasi ifitemo ububasha.  N’ubwo umuyobozi (préfet) wa Dikasiteri mu buryo butaziguye ari papa, buri shami rifite umuyobozi (pro-préfet) uyobora mu izina rye, na we akagira abamwungiriza mu nshingano.

II.            Dikasiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’urukundo (Dicastère pour le Service de la Charité)

Iyi Dikasiteri ni igihamya cy’impuhwe Imana igirira Muntu. Yita ku gufasha abakene, abanyantege nke n’abatereranwe mu buryo bunyuranye. Ifite ububasha bwo kwakira no gushakisha inkunga, impano zitanzwe ku bushake kugira ngo hagobokwe abatagira epfo na ruguru. Ubutumwa bwayo ibusohoza ku isi hose, mu izina rya Papa.

III.            Dikasiteri ishinzwe ibijyanye no gushyira abakristu mu rwego rw’abatagatifu (Dicastère des Causes des Saints) 

Uru rwego rushinzwe gushyiraho amabwiriza agenderwaho mu gusaba ko umukristu ashyirwa mu rwego rw’abahire cyangwa se ko yandikwa mu batagatifu. Ni yo igena uburyo n’imihango bikurikizwa kandi igafatanya n’abashumba ba diyosezi, bo batangiza urugendo ruganisha ku iyandikwa mu batagatifu (l’instruction de la cause). Mu bindi ishinzwe harimo :

·        Kugenzura ko imyanzuro y’ibyavuye mu ibazwa ry’abakristu (les actes des causes déjà instruites) yabonetse hakurikijwe amabwiriza bityo ikabifataho umwanzuro kugira ngo bishyikirizwe Papa.

·        Gushyiraho uburyo bwemewe n’amategeko ya Kiliziya bukurikizwa mu kugenzura no kwemeza ukuri kw’ibyasigaye bitagatifu (reliques sacrées) ndetse no kwemeza ko bibikwa.

·        Kwemeza ko umutagatifu ahabwa izina ry’umwalimu wa Kilizya (docteur de l’Église) nyuma y’uko ibonye icyemezo (votum) cya dikasiteri ishinzwe amahame y’ukwemera gihamya ko uwo mutagatifu yabaye rukabuza mu mahame y’ukwemera.

 

IV.            Dikasiteri ishinzwe umuco n’uburezi (Dicastère pour la Culture et l'Éducation) 

Dikasiteri igizwe n’amashami abiri : ishami rishinzwe umuco ryibanda ku guteza imbere umuco, ubukangurambaga bw’ikenurabushyo ridaheza umurage ndagamuco n’ishami rishinzwe uburezi ryimakaza amahame remezo y’uburezi mu bigo by’amashuri bya Kiliziya, kuva ku bigo byakira inshuke, kugeza kuri za kaminuza.

Biri mu nshingano z’ishami rishinzwe umuco :

·        Guteza imbere imibanire y’i Vatikani n’urusobe rw’imico yo ku isi, rishyigikira byimazeyo umushyikirano nk’uburyo ntasimburwa mu bufatanye nyakuri, ubwuzuzanye n’ubukungahare bwa buri wese kugira ngo imico itandukanye irusheho kwakira Ivanjili n’ukwemera kwa gikristu, binafashe mu gutuma buri muntu yiyumva muri Kiliziya kuko aharanira, mu muco we, gushakisha ukuri n’icyiza gisumbye ibindi.

·        Gufasha abashumba ba za diyosezi kugira ngo babashe kubungabunga neza umurage w’amateka, nk’inyandiko zigaragaza ubuzima n’ikenurabushyo bya kiliziya, hamwe n’umurage ndangamuco na ndangabugeni mu ishyinguranyandiko, mu nzu ndangamurage, mu nsengero… kugira ngo byorohere ubikeneye kubibona.

·        Guharanira ko abashumba ba za diyosezi n’inama zibahuza baha agaciro kandi bakarinda imico gakondo mu murage wayo w’ubuhanga n’uw’ubuzima bwa roho (spiritualité), bakibuka ko ari ubukungu bw’ikiremwamuntu cyose.

Biri mu nshingano z’ishami rishinzwe burezi:

·        Gufasha abashumba za diyosezi, inzego nyobozi za kiliziya z’iburengerazuba n’inama z’abepiskopi gushyiraho amabwiriza ashingirwaho mu gushinga ibigo by’amashuri gatolika, aho ikenurabushyo ry’uburezi rigomba kwitabwaho nk’igice kigize iyogezabutumwa.

·        Gushyigikira ishyingwa n’iterambere ry’ibigo by’amashuri makuru bya kiliziya bihagije kandi bitanga ubumenyi butandukanye bwibanda ku kuri kwa gikristu kugira ngo umunyeshuri ategurirwe neza kuzasohoza inshingano neza, haba muri Kiliziya cyangwa muri sosiyete. Iyi dikasiteri ishinzwe kandi ibijyanye no kwemerwa na leta kwa dipolomi zitangwa n’ibyo bigo mu izina rya Vatikani (Saint-Siège).

·        Guteza imbere imyigishirize y’iyobokamana gatulika mu mashuri, Gufasha mu butwererane buhuza ibigo by’amashuri makuru bya Kiliziya n’amahuriro yabyo no Guha umwalimu icyemezo (nihil obstat), kugira ngo yemererwe kwigisha tewolojiya.

 

V.            Dikasiteri ishinzwe amahame y’ukwemera (Dicastère pour la Doctrine de la Foi)

Iyi Dikasiteri ifite umurimo w’ibanze wo gufasha Papa n’abepiskopi mu kwamamaza Ivanjili mu isi. Iteza imbere kandi ikanarinda ukuri kw’amahame gatolika ku kwemera no ku migenzo, ikabikora ivoma mu nganzo y’ukwemera, ari nako ihora ishakisha uko yayagura kugira haboneke ibisubizo by’ibibazo biba bigezweho. Kuwa 21 Nyakanga 1542, mu nyandiko « Licet ab initio », Papa Pawulo wa III yatangije komisiyo ishinzwe kwita ku bibazo by’ukwemera ; ubuyobe no kwitandukanya na Kiliziya (hérésie et schisme). Hagiye habaho amavugurura atandukanye kugeza ubwo iyi Dikasiteri ibayeho.

Dikasiteri ishinzwe amahame y’ukwemera igizwe n’amashami abiri, ndetse na komisiyo ebyiri : ishami rishinzwe amahame, n’irishinzwe imyitwarire, hakaba kandi komisiyo ya bibiliya n’iya tewolojiya (La Commission Biblique Pontificale et la Commission Théologique Internationale). Muri iyi Dikasiteri dusangamo kandi komisiyo ishinzwe kurinda abana, igafasha Papa kubona uburyo abana n’abanyantegenke (vulnérables) barushaho kurindwa.

Mu byo Dikasiteri ishinzwe amahame y’ukwemera ikora harimo: 

·        Kugenzura inyandiko mbere y’uko zitangazwa n’izindi Dikasiteri ndetse n’ibitekerezo bigaragara nk’ikibazo ku kwemera gutunganye.

·        Gushyigikira inyigo zigamije kuzamura ikigero cy’imyumvire no kwamamaza ukwemera kugira ngo bifashe Iyogezabutumwa.

·        Gushyigikira, binyuze mu gashami gashizwe imyitwarire, ingamba zo guhugura abepiskopi n’abandi banyamategeko ba kiliziya kugira ngo barusheho kumva amategeko ya Kiliziya, bityo babashe gutanga ubutabera buboneye, mu byo bafitiye ububasha.