Mutagatifu Rafayeli, uzana amahoro mu mibano y’abantu

Muri aka gace k’inyandiko ya Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU, tursangamo byinshi kuri Malayika Mukuru Rafayeli:  Malayika mukuru Rafayeli na Tobi, Mutagatifu Rafayeli, uhashya roho mbi zisenya ingo, Mutagatifu Rafayeli, uzana amahoro mu mibano y’abantu, Inshingano za mutagatifu Rafayeli n’umwanzuro ku Bamalayika Bakuru: Rafayeli, Mikayeli na Gaburiyeli.

Malayika Mukuru Rafayeli

Intangiriro

Izina rya Rafayeli, rigenda ryibagirana gahoro gahoro mu mazina ya gikisitu. Nyamara mutagatifu Rafayeli, ni umwe mu bamalayika batatu bakuru Kiliziya yubaha, ihimbaza kandi ikabiyambaza. Umunsi mukuru we uba taliki ya 29 Nzeri ari nabwo duhimbaza abatagatifu Mikayeli na Gaburiyeli.

Mutagatifu Rafayeli yubahwa nk’umumalayika mukuru uhagarariye abandi ba malayika bagendana n’abantu mu nzira zose zo muri iyi si. Agaragara muri Bibiliya mu Gitabo cya Tobi. Icyo gitabo, gishobora kuba cyaranditswe mu rurimi rw’igihebureyi cyangwa se rw’icy’arameya. Ariko ku buryo bwuzuye tugisanga mu byahinduwe mu kigereki muri ya nyandiko yitwa Ba Mirongwirindwi (Les Septentes). Kiri no mu bitabo byavumbuwe mu buvumo bw’i Qumran twavuze haruguru. Ibyo bikaba ari icyemezo ko Igitabo cya Tobi ari kimwe mu bitabo bamwe mu bayahudi bakoreshaga mbere y’ukuza kwa Yezu. Umugambi w’icyo gitabo cyanditswe ahagana mu kinyejana cya gatatu mbere ya Kristu ni uyu ukurikira : ibyago abantu bahura nabyo muri iyi si, bikomoka ku ishyari rya Sekibi. Nyamara bishobora kuba n’uburyo Imana yifashisha kugira ngo igerageze ukwemera kwabo. Amaherezo iyo Mana igororera abeza, ababi nabo bagahanwa.

Kugira ngo umwanditsi w’icyo gitabo agere ku mugambi we, yifashisha imibereho y’abantu bo mu ngo cyangwa imiryango ibiri y’Abayahudi bari zarajyanywe bunyago. Urugo rumwe rwari rwaratujwe muri Ashuru, urundi rutuzwa mu gihugu cy’Abamedi. Izo ngo zari zifitanye isano ya hafi ariko zose zaragiye zihura n’ibibazo bitoroshye nyamara ntizitezuka mu kwemera. Malayika Rafayeli yagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu kubakemurira ibibazo no kubahumuriza. Amaze kugera ku mugambi we, ni bwo yahishuye izina rye. Yivuga agira ati “Ndi Rafayeli, umwe muri ba bamalayika barindwi bahora imbere ya Nyagasani, bakamwegera aho ari mu ikuzo rye” (Tobi 12,16).

Umuntu wese ushaka kumva ibya malayika Rafayeli n’ubutumwa ashinzwe, agomba guhera ku byo dusanga mu gitabo cya Tobi nyine ariko hari n’ibindi bitabo bimuvuga. Muri byo, hari nk’Igitabo cya Henoki Intungane. Muri iki gitabo, Rafayeli afatwa nk’intwari mu rugamba rwo kurwanya roho mbi yitwa Azazel. Na none Rafayeli azwi ho kuba umumalayika mukuru uyobora roho z’abantu kandi agakiza uburwayi n’ibikomere byose, byaba ibya roho cyangwa se iby’umubiri, mwene muntu ashobora guhura na byo.

Muri make, haba mu Gitabo cya Tobi, cyangwa se mu bindi bitabo byo mu gihe cy’Isezerano rya Kera ariko bitemewe ku rutonde rw’ibyahumetswe, icyo bashaka kutubwira ni kimwe : Imana yita kuri mwene muntu muri byose. Malayika Rafayeli akaba ari we ubigaragaraza. Bityo rero, kwizera Imana muri byose ni ngombwa, kuko amaherezo ni yo itsinda. Nta na rimwe itererana abayizeye. Turi bubone uburyo mu ruhererekane rwa Kiliziya – cyane cyane mu mibereho y’abatagatifu –, mutagatifu Rafayeli yagiye abigaragaza.

 Malayika mukuru Rafayeli na Tobi

Ishusho ya Tobi ari kumwe na
 Malayika Rafayeli

“Izina ni ryo muntu”

Izina Rafayeli, ryari izina risanzwe rizwi muri Israheli. Mu Gitabo cy’Amateka ( 1 Matek 26,7) batubwira ko Rafayeli mwene Shemaya, yari umwe mu baleviti b’abanyanzugi. Kuba iryo zina ryari risanzwe ntibitangaje kuko ijambo Ra-pha-el, risobanurwa ngo “Imana yarakijije”, cyangwa se “Imana irakiza”. Iryo jambo rishobora no gusobanura ngo “Umuti w’Imana”. Ni rimwe mu mazina ababyeyi bashoboraga kwita abana babo ku buryo busanzwe.

Mutagatifu Rafayeli, uhashya roho mbi zisenya ingo

Imwe mu nshingano za mutagatifu Rafayeli, ni ugushyigikira ingo z’abakunda Imana. Ibyo yabigaragaje ubwo yabohoraga Sara wari wararitswemo na roho mbi yitwa Asimode ikamubuza gushaka.

Dore uko byagenze. Abo basore bombi bafashe urugendo, bageze ku ruzi rwa Tigiri, Tobi ajya koga ibirenge. Agezeyo, igifi nyamunini gishaka kumumira bunguri, ariko uwo mumalayika amusaba kugifata no kugisatura akagikuramo agasabo, umutima n’umwijima. Uwo mumalayika yasobanuriye Tobi ko izo ngingo ari umuti w’ingirakamaro ati : Umutima n’umwijima by’ifi, iyo ubyokereje ahantu hari umuntu, yaba umugabo, yaba umugore, wahanzweho na Sekibi cyangwa se indi roho mbi, nta bundi zongera kumutera, kandi zinamuvamo burundu. Naho agasabo, iyo ugasigishije mu mboni z’ufite ibihu mu maso, hanyuma ukabihuha, ahita akira (Tobi 6,4. 8-9).

Ibyo malayika Rafayeli yabimubwiraga ateganya ko Tobi ari burongore Sara, umukobwa wa Raguweli wari utuwemo na roho mbi y’igikongoti yitwa Asimode. Iyo roho mbi yicaga abagabo bose bashakaga kwegera uwo mwari. Bageze kwa Raguweli, malayika Rafayeli ahumuriza Tobi, yemera kurongora Sara.

Bamaze kurya no kunywa, bumva barashaka kuryama. Ni ko kuzana wa musore, bamwinjiza mu cyumba. Akihagera Tobi yibuka ya magambo Rafayeli yamubwiye. Nuko akora mu ruhago rwe, akuramo umwijima w’ifi hamwe n’umutima, abishyira ku cyotezo ; maze umunuko w’ifi uturumbanya ya roho mbi, ihungira mu Misiri. Ako kanya, Rafayeli ahita ayikurikirayo, arayiburabuza, arayihabohera (Tobi 8,1-3). Mu gihe malayika yariho ahungeta iyo roho mbi, Tobi yabonye uburyo bwo kwegera Sara, barangiza imirimo y’abashakanye Tobi adapfuye.

Mutagatifu Rafayeli, uzana amahoro mu mibano y’abantu

Malayika Rafayeli ntiyagarukiye ku gukiza Sara no gushyingira Tobi gusa. Ahubwo yiyemeje gukemura ibibazo byose umuryango wa Tobiti, uwa Raguweli n’uwa Gabayeli bari bafite, agarura amahoro muri bose, ashoje umurimo we, abona guhishura izina rye no gusubira ku wa mutumye.

Koko rero, mu gihe Tobi yariho asenga kandi asaba umugisha mu rugo rushya yari agiye gutangira, malayika Rafayeli we yagiye gushaka ya mari ya se wa Tobi i Ragesi kwa Gabayeli no kumutumira mu bukwe bwa Tobi. Byose bigenda neza. Ibyo birangiye, Tobi agaruka kwa se, ari kumwe n’umugore we Sara na Rafayeli wari wamuherekeje. Ageze iwabo, akoresha agasabo ka ya fi akiza ubuhumyi bwa se. Abantu bose baratangara kandi basingiza Imana. Malayika abahishurira uwo ari we. Bakimara kumenya ko ari we Rafayeli umwe mu bamalayika barindwi bahora imbere ya Nyagasani, bose barakangarana, bagwa bubitse uruhanga ku butaka maze ubwoba burabataha.

Ariko Rafayeli arababwira ati ‘Mwigira ubwoba ! Nimugire amahoro ! Nimusingize Imana ubuziraherezo. Ubundi twabanaga mutabisheka ubugwa neza bwanjye, ahubwo ni Imana ubwayo yabyishakiye. Murajye muyisingiza, iteka muhore muyiririmba. Mwarandebaga mukagira ngo ndarya, nyamara mwaribeshyaga. None rero, nimusingize Nyagasani kuri iyi si, mushimagize Imana. Dore jyewe nsubiye ku Uwanyohereje ; namwe muzandike ibyababyeho byose’. Nuko arazamuka. Bo rero, ngo bunamuke ntibongera kumubona (Tobi 12, 16-22).

Icyo gitabo gisoza kitubwira uburyo amahoro yatashye muri iyo miryango yose n’ukuntu Tobi amaze gushyingura ababyeyi be bombi, yimukiye mu Bumedi, agatura hamwe na sebukwe Raguweli. Amaze gushyingura sebukwe na nyirabukwe, na we apfira mu mahoro kandi asingiza Imana.

Uwasona iki gitabo atamenyereye imikorere y’Imana yacu, yagira ngo ibyo kwa Tobi na Raguweli ni umugani. Nyamara ubuzima bw’abatagatifu n’ubuhamya bwa benshi mu bagiye biyambaza malayika Rafayeli, bitwereka koko ko “Abatabizi bicwa no kutabimenya”. Kwisunga malayika Rafayeli si uguta igihe, ahubwo ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kwerekana ko Imana yacu ikiza koko.

Inshingano za mutagatifu Rafayeli : kuba “umuti w’Imana” n’umusangira-ngendo wacu

Uko amasekuruza yagiye asimburana, mutagatifu Rafayeli yagiye agira uburyo agaragaza ubushobozi bw’Imana y’inyampuhwe. Abatagatifu benshi bemeza ko malayika mukuru Rafayeli afite inshingano ikurikira : kurwanya ikibi cyose gishobora kubangamira mwene muntu no kumugezaho umukiro w’Imana. Ibyo tubisanga mu gisobanuro cy’izina rye. Nk’uko twabibonye “rapha” isobanura ngo “arakiza”, naho “El” bikavuga Imana. Uwo mumalayika ntashinzwe kuyobora abagenzi gusa. Ni na muganga w’abahanganye n’uburwayi n’ibindi byago byose bibangamira ubuzima bwacu muri iyi si. Byaba ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’umubiri cyangwa se ibijyanye n’ubuzima bwa roho .

Umwanzuro ku Bamalayika Bakuru

Mu bushishozi bwayo, Kiliziya yacu iratubwira iti “Aho kugumya gushakisha amazina y’abamalayika bakuru, abakristu ni bemere kandi bisunge abo dusanga muri Bibiliya Ntagatifu honyine”.

Uwa mbere muri, bo ni malayika mukuru Mikayeli. Bisobanura ngo “Ni nde uhwanye n’Imana”. Yiyambazwa nk’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo zo mu ijuru kandi akaba n’umugenga wa Kiliziya. Ni we usohoza roho ku Mana kandi akanazivuganira.

Uwa kabiri, ni Gaburiyeli utwereka ko Imana yacu, yo yakoze ibikomeye mu gihe cyahise, n’uyu munsi ibishobora mu buzima bwa buri wese. Ubutumwa bukomeye bwose ni we ubushingwa. Yerekana kandi ko muntu yizewe imbere y’Imana, ku buryo ahamagarirwa kuyifasha gucungura isi. Ibyo bigashobozwa n’uko Imana iha ubutumwa abamalayika bayo bwo kurinda abantu aho bari hose ; kwita ku buzima bw’umubiri ariko cyane cyane ubwa roho. Dore ko inshingano y’ibanze z’ubu buzima ari ukunga ubumwe n’Imana muri Yezu Kristu ku bwa Roho Mutagatifu.

Uhagarariye abo bagenzi bacu b’indahemuka, ni malayika mukuru Rafayeli. Imikorere ye igaragarira mu gitabo cya Tobi, yerekana ko ari nta kintu na kimwe cya mwene muntu cyihishe Imana. Muri uwo murongo, mwene muntu aho gukurwa umutima n’ibikubara byo muri iyi si, akwiye kurushaho kwizera imbaraga n’ubushobozi by’Imana. Tuzi ko iyo Mana yacu idashobora kudutererana. Abamalayika barinzi babereyeho kubitwereka no kubitwemeza.

Kiliziya ihimba abamalayika bakuru; Mikayeli, Gaburiyeli na Rafayeli, kuwa 29 Nzeri.

(Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU ni umusaseridoti wa  diyosezi ya Nyundo)

Iby'ingenzi kuri Mutagatifu Gaburiyeli, Malayika Mukuru

Inyandiko ya Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU, iraduhishurira byinshi kuri Mutagatifu Gaburiyeli,“Malayika Mukuru”. Turasobanukirwa n’izina “Gaburiyeli” nk’“Imana ikomeye”, ndetse n’izina “Gaburiyeli” nk’ “Umuntu w’Imana”.

Intangiriro

Mu bamalayika bakuru, nyuma ya mutagatifu Mikayeli, uvugwa cyane muri Bibiliya no mu ruhererekane rw’ubuyoboke, ni mutagatifu Gaburiyeli. Yubahwa nk’umuyobozi w’abamalayika Imana yohereza mu butumwa. Ubwamamare bwa mutagatifu Gaburiyeli, tubusanga no muri amwe n’amwe mu yandi madini. Urugero : Abayahudi bemeza ko Gaburiyeli yari mu bamalayika bashyinguye Musa (Isub 34,6), agashwanyaguza intwaro za Senakeribu umwami w’abanyashuru, kandi akarimbagura ingabo ze (Amat 32,21). Bahereye ku Gitabo cya Henoki, bemeza ko Gaburiyeli ari umwe mu bamalayika bakuru bane bashinzwe kurinda impande enye z’isi. Abo ni Mikayeli, Gaburiyeli, Rafayeli na Uriyeli.

Izina “Gaburiyeli” cyangwa “Imana ikomeye”

Ibyemeza ubuhangange bwa malayika Gaburiyeli, ni icyo izina rye risobanura n’ubutumwa yagiye aragizwa n’Imana mu nsi. Izina Gaburiyeli rigizwe n’amagambo abiri y’igihebureyi, ariyo “Gabri” na “El”. Ariko, hari n’abandi bahera kuri ayo magambo, bakayandika ku bundi buryo bakabonamo ikindi gisobanuro. Ijambo baheraho ni izina “Illugabri” rikoreshwa cyane muri rumwe mu ndimi z’abasemiti ariko rifite igisobanuro kimwe nk’icyo mu gihebureyi. Bityo rero izina Gaburiyeli rigashobora kugira ibisobanuro bibiri bitandukanye ariko bitavuguruzanya. Koko rero, mu gihe Gabri-el bivuga ngo “Imana irakomeye”, Illugabri bisobanura “Umuntu w’Imana”. Reka duhere kuri “Gabri-el”.

Tugendeye ku ijambo Gabri-el, icya mbere tubonamo ni Imana ubwayo. Koko rero, ijambo “El” mu gihebureyi, ni incamake ya “Elohim”. Elohim na ryo rikaba ari ubwinshi bw’ijambo Eloah bivuga Imana. Ijambo Elohim, ni ryo ryakomotseho Allah ururimi rw’icyarabu rukoresha rushaka kuvuga Imana. Elohim rero, ni ijambo risobanura Imana muri rusange, cyangwa se Imana mu cyubahiro cyayo. Niyo mpamvu rikoreshwa mu bwinshi. Ni ubwinshi bw’icyubahiro byo kwemeza ko Imana yikubiyemo ubumana bwose kandi ikagira na kamere yihariye itandukanye n’iy’ibiremwa byose. Muri Bibiliya y’igihebureyi, ijambo Elohim rigaragaramo incuro 2570. Ni ryo zina rikoreshwa cyane iyo bashaka kuvuga Imana. “Gabri” ryo risobanura imbaraga. Muri uwo murongo rero, Gaburiyeli bigasobanurwa ngo “Imana ikomeye” ; “Imana nyirububasha”. Ni ukuvuga Imana ifite imbaraga ku buryo ari nta muntu cyangwa se ikintu na kimwe cyayihangara.

Nbitangaje kuba malayika Gaburiyeli yarigaragaje cyane mu gihe cy’amage akomeye y’umuryango wa Israheli. Ndashaka kuvuga igihe cy’itotezwa ry’Abamakabe cyangwa se mu gihe cy’ukwigira umuntu kwa Jambo w’Imana. Yabaga aje gukomeza abihebye, kwibutsa isezerano ry’Imana no gushishikariza bose kurikomeraho. Twabonye ko hari abemeza ko ari malayika Gaburiyeli waje kuba hafi ya Yezu mu gihe cy’isoza ry’ubuzima bwe muri iyi si. Ibyo na byo byakumvikana. Koko rero, Yezu yari ageze aho kubira ibyuya by’amaraso. Muri uwo murongo, mutagatifu Gaburiyeli yaje kumuba hafi kugira ngo umugambi wo gucungura bene muntu awusoze kabone n’ubwo mu maso ya benshi, ubutumwa bwe bwasaga nk’uburangiriye aharindimuka.

Ni byo koko, urebesheje amaso y’isi, ntibyoroshye kwemeza ko Uwarangirije ubutumwa bwe ku musaraba yambaye ubusa, ari we wabaye umucunguzi w’isi. Aho rero ni ho Imana yacu ibera igitangaza. Imbaraga zayo izigaragaza ku buryo bwinshi ari ko cyane cyane mu bwiyoroshye no mu mpuhwe zayo zuje urukundo. “Nk’uko ijuru ryisumbuye cyane isi, uwo ni Nyagasani ubivuga, ni na ko inzira zanjye zisumbye kure izanyu, n’ibitekerezo byanjye bigasumba ibyanyu” (Is 55,9).

Mutagatifu Gaburiyeli – izo mbaraga z’Imana – adufashe kubyumva.

Izina “Gaburiyeli” cyangwa “Umuntu w’Imana”

Ushobora kumva igisobanuro cy’izina Gaburiyeli ugendeye ku ijambo “Illugebri” nk’uko twabibonye haruguru. Icyo gihe Gaburiyeli bisobanura “Umuntu w’Imana”. Mu gihebureyi, ijambo “Gheber” risobanura umugabo. Akenshi muri Bibiliya, malayika Gaburiyeli agaragara afite isura y’umuntu w’umugabo . Muri uwo murongo, Gaburiyeli bishushanya “Umuntu w’Imana” cyangwa se “Umuntu wizewe n’Imana”. Kuba Imana imutuma mu gihe kidasanzwe kandi afite ubutumwa budasanzwe, bisobanura nyine ko ari mu bamalayika bizewe koko kandi bashobora kurangiza neza ubutumwa bashinzwe. Kuba yakwitwa umuntu na byo ntibitangaje. Yezu ubwe ntiyiyita “Umwana w’umuntu” ? Ahubwo nyine koko Gaburiyeli ni umuntu w’Imana ; uwo Imana iha ubutumwa yizeye ko azaburangiza. Kumusuzugura ni ugusuzugura uwamutumye.

Twabonye uko byagendekeye Zakariya ise wa Yohani Batisita, ubwo yari yihaye gushidikanya ku butumwa bwa malayika Gaburiyeli. Zakariya amaze kuba ikiragi,ubwoba butaha abaturanyi babo bose, n’abo mu misozi yo mu Yudeya, bakwiza hose ibyabaye. Ababyumvaga bose bakomezaga kubizirikana mu mitima, bibaza bati ‘Uyu mwana azamera ate, ko ububasha bwa Nyagasani buri kumwe na we ?’ (Lk 1,65-66).

Gaburiyeli mutagatifu wowe ugaragaza imbaraga z’Imana, udusabire!

(Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU ni umusaseridoti wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo)

Ibyo wamenya kuri Mutagatifu Mikayeli, Malayika Mukuru

Mikayeli ni umwe mu Bamalayika Bakuru, ese ijambo "Malayika Mukuru" rikomoka he? Ni iyihe mikorere ya Mutagatifu Mikayeli? Muri iyi nkuru urasobanukirwa kandi n'ijambo Mikayeli n'amateka yaryo.

I. INKOMOKO Y’IJAMBO “MALAYIKA MUKURU” 

Inyito “Malayika Mukuru” dusanga muri Bibiliya, ikoreshwa kabiri gusa muri icyo Gitabo Gitagatifu. « Ku kimenyetso gitanzwe n’umumalayika mukuru mu ijwi riranguruye, no ku mworomo w’impanda y’Imana, Nyagasani ubwe azamanuka mu ijuru. Nuko abapfuye bizeye Kristu babanze bazuke, hanyuma twebwe abazima, abazaba basigaye, duhite twererezwa hamwe na bo mu bicu, kugira ngo dusanganire Nyagasani mu kirere, bityo tuzabane na Nyagasani iteka ryose » (1 Tes 4,16-17).

Ahandi dusanga uwo mumalayika mukuru ni mu Ibaruwa ya Yuda. Iyo ntumwa yifashisha igitabo cyitwa icya Henoki, kugira ngo agaragaze ko ari ngombwa kubaha Imana n’abamalayika. Ati : Nyamara igihe Mikayeli, umumalayika mukuru, agiye impaka na Sekibi, basigana ku byerekeye umurambo wa Musa, ntiyatinyutse no  guhingutsa igitutsi ngo atuke Sekibi, ahubwo yaravuze ati ‘Imana izaguhane’ (Yuda 9).

Ese, abo bamalayika bakuru ni bangahe ? Bitwa ba nde ? Ku kibazo cya mbere, birumvikana ko abagaba b’abamalayika batabarika, kuko twabonye ko abamalayika ari ingabo zitagira ingano. Naho ku birebana n’amazina yabo, n’ubwo hari ibitabo usangamo urutonde rw’amazina y’abamalayika bakuru, hakaba n’amadini abigira intego nk’uko twabibonye haruguru, Kiliziya gatolika isaba abana bayo kugumana amazina atatu dusanga muri Bibiliya.

Na none idusaba kubaha ayo dusanga mu ruhererekane rw’iyobokamana rya kiyahudi. Ibindi byo, bizamo amaranga mutima, amatsiko, guhimba no kwifuza. Ndetse bishobora gukurura ubuyobe. Abo batatu, bafite amazina yihariye kandi asobanura icyo bashinzwe. Abo ni mutagatifu Rafayeli bisobanura ngo “Manirakiza”, “Imana ni yo muti” cyangwa se “Umuti w’Imana” (Tb 3,17 ; 12,14) ; undi ni mutagatifu Gaburiyeli, bivuga ngo “Intwari y’Imana” cyangwa “Umuntu w’Imana” (Dn 8,16 ; 9,21). Hakaba rero na mutagatifu Mikayeli, bisobanura ngo “Ni nde uhwanye n’Imana ?” (Dn 10,13.21). Mutagatifu Mikayeli rero ni we Gikomangoma cyo mu ijuru. Ni yo mpamvu ari we ukwiye guhabwa umwanya w’ibanze dore ko n’ubusanzwe yawuhawe na Rurema.

I. Mutagatifu Mikayeli: Ijambo n’amateka yaryo

Mikayeli, ni rimwe mu mazina abantu bakunda kwitwa. Mu rurimi rw’igihebureyi ari narwo ijambo Mikayeli rikomokaho, iryo zina ni interuro yose kandi ifite igisobanuro cyumvikana. Igizwe n’amagambo atatu : Mi-kha-el. Bivuga ngo “Ni nde uhwanye n’Imana ?” Mikhael ni ijambo ryomongana nk’icyivugo cy’ingabo ku rugamba. Muri Bibiliya duhura naryo incuro eshanu. Mikayeli yitwa “Umwe mu batware bakomeye” (Dn 10,13), kandi akaba n’“Umutware” wabo (Dn 10, 20-21). Ni “Umutware w’umuryango” w’Imana (Dn 12,1) akaba atyo “Mikayeli umumalayika mukuru” ugaragazwa nk’ “Umukuru w’abamalayika be” (Yuda 9). Impamvu y’ubukuru bwe, ni uko ahora yiteguye kurangiza ubutumwa yashinzwe n’Imana. Ni umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo zo mu ijuru, akaba ari we uyobora ibitero bigamije gutsinda cya Kiyoka cya kera na kare (Hish 12,7-8). Aho hose agaragara nk’umugaba mukuru mu rugamba rukomeye hagati ye na Sekibi. Mikayeli ni umurinzi wa Israheli n’uwa Kiliziya y’Imana. Amaherezo ni we uzatsinda Sekibi ari we Sekinyoma. Ni byo umutwe wa 12 wo mu Gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe utubwira. 

II.1. Imikorere ya Mutagatifu Mikayeli 

II.2. Umurinzi wihariye w’umuryango w’Imana 

Imikorere ya Malayika mukuru Mikayeli dusanga muri Bibiliya, ijyana n’imvugo y’intambara. Uwa mbere utugezaho iryo zina, ni umwanditsi w’Igitabo cya Daniyeli. Uyu mwanditsi atwereka ko mutagatifu Mikayeli ari umurinzi ukomeye w’umuryango w’Imana. Igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe cyo kirenga iyo myumvire igarukira kuri Israheli yonyine. Kikemeza ko mutagatifu Mikayeli afite inshingano imwe ikomeye. Iyo nshingano, ni iyo gushyirisha mu bikorwa umugambi w’Imana. Uwo mugambi w’Imana si undi wundi uretse icungurwa ry’isi yose, ariko cyane cyane mwene muntu. Isi izacungurwa burundu, igihe bene muntu bazumva ko amahoro yabo ari ukumvira no kubahiriza icyo Imana ibasaba. Mikayeli rero, ahora ahanganye na wawundi utifuza ko uwo mugambi w’Imana wubahirizwa. Uwo ubereyeho kurwanya umugambi w’Imana ni we witwa Sekibi cyangwa Shitani.  

II.3. Mutagatifu Mikayeli, umurinzi w’abarinzi  

Kuva kera kose, mutagatifu Mikayeli yiyambazwa nk’umunyabubasha. Ni umurinzi w’abarinzi b’abandi. Ni we urwanirira abantu mu rugamba bahanganye na Sekibi. Ni yo mpamvu ku mashusho menshi, bamushushanya nk’umurwanyi. Aba afite inkota cyangwa icumu, ariho yica Ikiyoka kiri munsi y’ikirenge cye.

Abandi bahanzi bamushushanya afite umunzani mu ntoki. Uwo munzani ushushanya ubutabera bw’Imana. Ni we urwanira abenda gupfa kandi akabaherekeza mu gihe cyo gutangira ubundi buzima. Nk’umurinzi wa paradiso (Intg 3, 24), ni we winjiza abacunguwe mu Ijuru. Abamwiyambaje muri iyi si, bashobora kwiringira imbaraga zo gutakambirwa na we. Afite umwanya w’ibanze muri liturujiya ya Kiliziya, ku buryo mbere y’Inama nkuru ya Kiliziya (Vatikani II), yavugwaga kenshi mu masengesho ya Missa. Ni we usohoza ibitambo by’abemera imbere y’Imana kandi akarwanya ubuyobe muri Kiliziya no mu nsi hose.  

Dore iryo sengesho rigenewe gutabaza mutagatifu Mikayeli 

“Mutagatifu Mikayeli, wowe mumalayika mukuru, turwaneho. Mu rugamba aho duhanganye n’ubugome n’ubucakura bw’Umushukanyi, tube hafi. Ndakwingize, dutakambire ngo Nyagasani abitegeke. Na we, Gikomangoma cy’Ingabo zo mu ijuru, koresha imbaraga zituruka ku Mana, maze wirukanire mu muriro utazima Shitani n’izindi roho mbi zose ziriho zizerera muri iyi si, zigamije koreka roho z’abantu. Amen”. (Byakuwe mu nyandiko ya Padiri Emmanuel TWAGIRAYEZU, umusaseridoti wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo).

Dutemberane aho Padre Piyo aruhukiye

... muri iyi videwo, Padiri Mundere Dominique aradutembereza aho umubiri wa mutagatifu Padre Piyo uruhukiye. Ni muri shapeli yubatse mu buvumo buri munsi ya Kiliziya. 

Mutagatifu Padre Piyo ni muntu ki?

Mutagatifu Padre Piyo, yavutse tariki 25 Gicurasi 1887, mu gihugu cy’Ubutaliyani. Yinjiye mu muryango w’Abafransiskani (The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin) ku itariki 22 Mutarama 1903 i Morcone, asezerana bwa mbere muri uwo muryango ku itariki 27 Mutarama 1909. 

Yahawe ubudiyakoni tariki 18 Nyakanga 1909 nuko guhera ubwo afata izina rya Furere PIYO kubera kubaha Papa Piyo V. Yaherewe ubupadiri muri katederali y’i Beneventi ku itariki 10 Kanama 1910 yoherezwa hahandi yabatirijwe i Santa Mariya degli Angeli i Pietrelcina. Guhera mu 1911 yeretse umuyobozi wa Roho ye ibikomere bitukura byatangiye kuvuka mu biganza no ku birenge. Ibikomere bitanu nk’ibya Yezu byagaragaye neza ku itariki 20 Nzeri 1918. Yitabye Imana kuwa 23 Nzeri 1968.

Byinshi kuri uyu mutagatifu, soma inkuru yitwa :

MUTAGATIFU PIYO w’i Pietrelcina (Padre Piyo)

Kanda muri aya magambo atukura, usure umuyoboro wa Padiri Mundere Dominique 

Ku munsi wa Mt Padre Piyo, Padiri wanyu yabagereye ku mubiri we nimuze mu rugendo dukire twese. 

Mutagatifu Pasifiko,Umusaseridoti

… Yabaye umupadiri w’umufaransisikani. Afite imyaka 35, ubuzima bwe bwibasiwe n’indwa; ahinduka igipfamatwi n’impumyi kandi akagenda acumbagira. ubwo bubabare yabumazemo imyaka 30, asenga cyane kugeza n’ubwo atwarwa buroho…

Mutagatifu Pasifiko w’ahitwa San Saverino hafi y’ahitwa Ankoni mu Butaliyani, yavukiye ahitwa San Saverino. Ni imfubyi itaragiraga se na nyina kuva afite imyaka itatu. Yarezwe n’umwe muri ba nyirarume. Amaze kugira imyaka 17 yagiye kwiha Imana mu muryango w’abafaransisikani, maze hashize imyaka 7 ahabwa ubupadiri. Hari mu mwaka w’1677.

Nyuma y’aho yaje kwigisha isomo rya Filozofiya abanovisi bategurwaga kuzaba abamisiyoneri. Ariko hashize igihe gito ubuzima bwe bwibasirwa n’indwara bigeza aho ahinduka igipfamatwi n’impumyi kandi akagenda acumbagira (ikimuga) mu w’1688. Yagwiriwe n’izo ndwara afite imyaka 35. Ubwo buzima, muri ubwo bubabare yabumazemo imyaka 30, asenga cyane kugeza n’ubwo atwarwa buroho. Yabaye umupadiri w’umufaransisikani mu karere ka Ankoni mu Butaliyani.  Kandi yari azi kwigisha Ivanjili cyane.

Nubwo kubera indwara yaretse gukura ku mubiri, mbese ku bigaragara inyuma, ariko mu mutima we yakomeje gukura ndetse ku buryo yaturaga Imana ububabare bwe, kandi ubwo bubabare bwamubambaga ku musaraba wa Kristu nk’uko ibikomere bitanu Yezu yari yarahaye Mutagatifu Faransisiko byabambaga uwo ku musaraba wa Kristu. Ubwo bubabare yabuturaga Imana ngo buhongerere ibyaha bye n’ibyisi, kandi agakunda umwiherero ndetse no gushengerera Isakaramentu ritagatifu. Cyakora muri ubwo bubabare bwe yajyaga yoroherezwa n’inema zivuye mu ijuru. Yitabye Imana mu w’1721. Yanditswe mu gitabo cy’abatagatifu mu w’1839.  Twizihiza mutagatifu Pasifiko kuwa 24 Nzeri.

(Byakusanyijwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, diocese Byumba. Ku yandi makuru ku nyandiko twakusanyije ku mibereho y'abatagatifu bariza kuri tel: 0788757494/ 0782889963, ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA)

MUTAGATIFU YANWARI (+305)

… Guverineri w’iyo ntara yaramubwiye ati: “ tura ububani ibigirwamana, cyangwa se wicwe”. Yanwari ati: “sinshobora gutura ibitambo amashitani, njyewe ufite ishema ry’uko buri munsi ntura igitambo Imana Nyakuri”…

Yanwari yavukiye i Naple mu Butaliyani ahagana mu mwaka wa 270. Ababyeyi be bari abakirisitu. Igihe habaye itotezwa rikaze ry’abakristu ku ngoma ya Diyoklesiyani, Yanwari yari umwepisikopi wa Beneventi, mu majyepfo y’Ubutaliyani. Ni yo mpamvu bamwita Yanwari wa Beneventi (Janvier de Bénévent). Muri ayo makuba Yanwari yahabaye intwari cyane akomeza abakristu mu kwemera, arabigisha abamara ubwoba maze barushaho kwitagatifuza. Abanzi ba Kiliziya barushijeho kumwanga cyane. Nuko aho bigeze baramufata bamugirira nabi bikomeye.

Guverineri w’iyo ntara yaramubwiye ati: “ tura ububani ibigirwamana, cyangwa se wicwe”. Yanwari ati: “sinshobora gutura ibitambo amashitani, njyewe ufite ishema ry’uko buri munsi ntura igitambo Imana Nyakuri”. Avuye mu rukiko, bamujyanye kumutwika mu itanura, maze arisohokamo ari mutaraga ntacyo yabaye. Hakurikiyeho kumushwaratuza ibyuma bikuraho uruhu n’inyama bikagendana, maze umubiri we urashwanyagurika. Icyo gihe yagumaga atera akanyabugabo abo bari bafunganywe b’abakirisitu.

Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, Yanwari hamwe n’abandi bakirisitu bari bafunganywe, babajyanye muri sitade hari abantu benshi cyane, babagabiza ibirura byashonje. Inyamaswa zaraje, Izo ngabo z’intwari za Kristu, zikora ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba zitegereje ko izo nyamaswa zibarya bakigira mu ijuru. Izo ntare n’ibyo bicokoma (tigres) barabirekuye, biraza byiryamira ku birenge by’abo bakirisitu, ntibyagira icyo bibatwara, imbaga yose yari isonzeye amaraso, itegereje kwishimisha kuri abo bakirisitu, iramwara. Yanwari , na bagenzi be baciriwe urubanza rwo gucibwa umutwe, kandi uko gucibwa umutwe kwaherekejwe n’ibitangaza byinshi.

Yarasenze asabira guhuma uwo guverineri w’umugome, arangije, aramuhumura. Banavuga ko yakoze n’ibindi bitangaza byinshi amaze gucibwa umutwe. Bavuga ko mbere yo gupfa, hari umusaza wari wasabye Yanwari igitambaro baraza kumupfukisha mu maso mbere yo kumuca umutwe. Amaze kwicwa rero, umwishi yabyiniye kuri cya gitambaro, abwira umurambo wa Yanwari ati: “ngaho shyira iki gitambaro uwo wari wacyemereye”.

Nuko umurambo uramwumvira, mu kanya gato icyo gitambaro kiba kiri mu biganza bya wa musaza wagisabye, maze abari aho bose baratangara. Bavuga ko kubera kwiyambaza mutagatifu Yanwari, yahagaritse icyorezo cy’indwara cyari cyayogoje ako karere, mu w’1497 no mu w’1529. Bavuga kandi ko hari umwana wazutse abitewe no gukozwa ku ishusho ya mutagatifu Yanwari.

Yanwari yamamajwe cyane n’igitangaza cy’amaraso ye yashyizwe mu gacupa mu mujyi wa Naple, ayo maraso agashonga iteka buri mwaka ku munsi we. Yishwe hamwe n’abandi bakristu batandatu, bane muri bo bari abadiyakoni bashinzwe imirimo ya Kiliziya, abandi bakaba bari abalayiki. Yishwe mu mwaka wa 305. 

Twizihiza mutagatifu Yanwari ku itariki 19 Nzeri.

(Byakusanyijwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, diocese Byumba. Ku yandi makuru ku nyandiko twakusanyije ku mibereho y'abatagatifu bariza kuri tel: 0788757494/ 0782889963, (ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA).

"Nibabyumve Maze Bishime", intego y’umwepiskopi watowe wa Butare

..."AUDIANT ET LAETENTUR". Ishema mfite ryose ndikesha Uhoraho, ab’intamenyekana nibabyumve, maze bishime! Zaburi 34:3...

Ni amagambo agize intego ya Nyiricyubahiro Myr Yohani Bosiko Ntagungira, umwepiskopi watowe wa diyosezi ya Butare. Iyo ntego mu rurimi rw’ikilatini ni "AUDIANT ET LAETENTUR" bisobanuye ngo "NIBABYUMVE MAZE BISHIME".

Iyi ntego ikomoka muri Zaburi 34:3, igira iti" Ishema mfite ryose ndikesha Uhoraho, ab’intamenyekana nibabyumve, maze bishime!" 

Ubutumire bwa Diyosezi ya Butare

Myr Filipo Rukamba yeretse abakirisitu ba Butare Myr Ntagungira Jean Bosco, yatorewe na Papa Francisco kuba umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kibungo, kuwa 12 Kanama, akazahabwa Inkoni y'Ubushumba tariki ya 5 Ukwakira 2024, nk'uko bigaragara ku butumire bwa Diyosezi ya Butare.

Kuwa 13 Nzeri 2024, nibwo Myr Jean Bosco NTAGUNGIRA yakoze ihererekanyabubasha na Padiri Pascal TUYISENGE watorewe kuba Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Regina Pacis Remera. 

Padiri Pascal avuye ku buyobozi bw’Iseminari Nto ya Mutagatifu Visenti, i Ndera, aho yasimbuwe na Padiri Vedaste Nsengiyumva, nk’uko byatangajwe na Nyiricyubahiro Antoni Karidinali Kambanda, Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali, kuwa 27/08/2024.

Indi nkuru wasoma:

Diyosezi ya Butare yabonye umushumba mushya

Menya Diyosezi ya Butare n’abashumba bayiragijwe

Kigali: ni he buri mupadiri yatumwe mu mwaka wa 2024/ 2025 ?

IKUZWA RY’UMUSARABA MUTAGATIFU WA YEZU (614)

Uyu munsi mukuru wakomotse ku ihabwa ry’umugisha rya Kiliziya yitiriwe Izuka rya Kristu, yubatse ku mva ya Kristu i Yeruzalemu…“Iyambure imyambaro yawe y’ubwami; wambare iy’abakene n’abaciye bugufi, nk’uko Yezu yambaraga, uri buwushobore”...

Bavandimwe n’ubwo kuva kera na kare abakristu bazirikanaga ububabare, urupfu n’izuka bya Kristu, bakibuka cyane ukuntu Yezu yasambiye mu murima wa Getsimani, uko yakubiswe, uko yatamirijwe ikizingo cy’amahwa, uko bamushoreye bamuhekesheje umusaraba, bamutuka, bamukwena, bamucira mu maso, bakazirikana uburyo yabambwe ku musaraba akanawupfiraho,uyu munsi mukuru wakomotse ku ihabwa ry’umugisha rya Kiliziya yitiriwe Izuka rya Kristu. 

Iyi Kiliziya yubatse ku mva ya Kristu i Yeruzalemu. Umusaraba mutagatifu ni ikimenyetso cy’amizero y’abakristu. Niba rero igiti cyo muri Paradizo cyarabereye Adamu imbuto y’urupfu, igiti cy’umusaraba cyo cyabereye abakristu imbuto y’ubugingo, binyuze kuri Kristu, We mukiro wacu n’amizero y’izuka ryacu.

Ku ngoma y’umwami Herakliyusi, abaperisi bafashe Yeruzalemu. Mu minyago yabo batwara igice kinini cy’umusaraba mutagatifu, cyari cyarahasizwe na Mutagatifu Helena nyina wa Konstantini. Herakliyusi ahigira kuzawugarura i Yeruzalemu. Herakliyusi uwo yari umwami wa Konstantinople (umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bwa Roma bw’Iburasirazuba). Abanza kwibabaza cyane no gusenga Imana ngo izabimufashemo.

Nuko atera abaperisi, arabatsinda. Bamugarurira byinshi bari banyaze, bamusubiza n’umusaraba mutagatifu, hari mu mwaka wa 628. Agerageje kuza awuhetse ubwe uramunanira rwose. Nuko Zakariya wari umwepiskopi i Yeruzalemu icyo gihe aramubwira ati: “ Iyambure imyambaro yawe y’ubwami; wambare iy’abakene n’abaciye bugufi, nk’uko Yezu yambaraga, uri buwushobore”.

Nuko abigenza atyo. Umusaraba urakunda uramworohera awugeza kuri Kaluvariyo. Bavuga ko Imana yatumye haba n’ibindi bitangaza byinshi byo kwemeza bose ko uwo musaraba ari wo Kristu yadukirishije. Uyu munsi mukuru Kiliziya yawushyiriyeho kwibutsa icungurwa ryawo mu baperisi.

Umusaraba mutagatifu ni ikimenyetso cy’amizero y’abakirisitu. Niba rero igiti cyo mu busitani bwa Edeni cyarabereye Adamu imbuto y’urupfu, igiti cy’umusaraba cyo cyabereye abakirisitu imbuto y’ubugingo, binyuze kuri Kristu, we mukiro wacu n’amizero y’izuka ryacu.

Izindi nkuru wasoma:

Umusaraba, intwaroy’umukristu n’isoko y’umunezero

Nta bukristu buziraumusaraba

(Iyi nkuru ishingiye ku byakuwe mu nyigisho ya Padiri Théoneste NZAYISENGA, yo ku wa 14 Nzeri 2013, umwaka C, ku munsi mukuru w’Ikuzwa ry’Umusaraba hamwe n’ibyakusanijwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, diocese Byumba. Ku yandi makuru ku nyandiko yakusanyije ku mibereho y'abatagatifu bariza kuri tel: 0782889963/ 0722889963,ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA)

Mutagatifu Yohani Krizostome, umwepisikopi wa Konstantinople

… “Krizostome nta kindi kindi ntinya, icyo ntinya si ugufungwa, si ugucirirwa mu mahanga, si ubukene, si urupfu, ntinya gusa icyaha.”…

Mutagatifu Yohani, wiswe Krizostome (bivuga “munwa wa zahabu), ni nk’aho baba baramwise “Muvuganeza.” Yavukiye muri Antiyokiya muri 344, nyina apfakara akimubyara (icyo gihe nyina yari afite imyaka 20). Nuko aho kongera gushaka, yirerera umwana we gusa, ariko amurera gikirisitu rwose kuko na we ubwe yari we mu by’ukuri. Yamuhaye uburere bwiza. Mu by’ukuri baramutangariraga. Cyakora abanza gushukwa n’ingeso z’isi. Ariko yari afite inshuti imugarura mu nzira nziza.

Iyo nshuti ni mutagatifu Bazili, umwepisikopi wa Kayezariya, akaba ndetse yarabaye umwarimu ukomeye wa Kiliziya. Uko guhuza kwabo, ubudahemuka n’ibitekerezo byabo bituma noneho barushaho kuba inshuti cyane.  Aho  akuriye yagiye mu mashuri, agira n’amahirwe aba umuhanga koko. ab’icyo gihe ndetse baramutangarira cyane. Gusa yabaye umukristu bitinze kuko yabatijwe afite  imyaka 18 y’amavuko. Nyina amaze gupfa, Yohani Krizostome yahinduye imibereho, agira igitekerezo cyo kwiyegurira Imana. Aho abereye umufaratiri wa Kiliziya ya Antiyokiya, Krizostome areka ubupfayongo bwose. Aharanira ubutagatifu  ku buryo butisubiraho, akiyambarira gikene iteka. Amasaha y’umunsi ayacamo ibice byo gusenga Imana, kuzirikana no kwiga ibitabo bitagatifu. Igisibo cye nticyari nk’icyacu cyo kwitegura Pasika gusa. Cyari icy’iteka.

Yajyaga kuryama, akaryama ku butaka gusa mu nzu, na bwo amasaha make cyane, kuko yataramaga cyane asenga cyangwa yiga. Ni bwo ahagurutse iwabo yigira ahantu hiherereye wenyine mu mpinga y’umusozi. Aho  yahamaze igihe kirekire asenga. Aho  hantu ariko haramunaniye kubera amagara ye, ni bwo bibaye ngombwa ko agaruka iwabo mu mujyi.  Maze mu mwaka wa 386 ahabwa ubusaseridoti. Guhera ubwo inyigisho ze zirushaho gushyigikirwa n’igihugu cyose  maze na we yitangira umurimo wo kwigisha ivanjili.

Nuko atangira ubwo kwigisha iby’iyobokamana  maze abantu benshi bagahururira izo nyigisho ze. Umwepisikopi yaramushimye aramwiyegereza amugira umufasha we, igisonga cye cya mbere, amubera ijisho rimubonera, ukuboko kumushoboreye, ururimi rumusobanurira amagambo ashaka kubwira abakirisitu. Kuvuga neza kwe bituma igihugu cyose cyemera inyigisho ze. Hakaba ubwo yigisha ndetse abarenze ibihumbi ijana bateraniye hamwe.  Amaze imyaka 30 avutse, ahungira mu bamonaki bashaka kumuha ubwepiskopi. Nyuma ariko bajya kumuzana ku gahato. Bamwemeza kuba umwepiskopi. 

Mu  mwaka wa 397, Yohani Krizostome yatorewe kuba umwepisikopi wa Konstantinople. Umwete  n’inyigisho ze zitagira uwo zitinya  zituma arushaho gukundwa hose ahindura benshi bemera kubatizwa, abari baradohotse na bo bagarukira Imana na Kiliziya. Na we kandi yakundaga Imana n’abantu bitavugwa. Agarura abahakanyi benshi muri Kiliziya, ahindura abapagani batabarika, atera abakirisitu benshi cyane guharanira ubutagatifu rwose. Ubukirisitu n’imico myiza bishinga imizi ikomeye mu gihugu cyose yari abereye umwepiskopi. 

Inyigisho ze kandi zahashyaga abari baratwawe n’umutima w’ubusambo kuko zarengeraga abakene n’imbabare. Ntibyatinda,  umwamikazi Ewudogisiya (Eudoxie), atangira kumutinya no kumugirira ishyari. Nuko  batangira kumutoteza bikomeye, bigeza nubwo aciwe mu gihugu, kuko yeruraga akabwira i bwami ingeso zihari bagomba kureka. Yarahagurutse atuma ku mwamikazi Ewudogisiya aya magambo ati: “Krizostome nta kindi kindi ntinya, icyo ntinya si ugufungwa, si ugucirirwa mu mahanga, si ubukene, si urupfu, ntinya gusa icyaha.”

Yohani Krizostome  yaguye mu mahanga iyo yaciriwe,  mu mwaka wa 407.  Nubwo Kiliziya itamwita uwahowe Imana, yabaye we koko. Yakundaga cyane mutagatifu Pawulo. Ni we ndetse wavuze ko umutima wa Pawulo wari warabaye uwa Kristu. Nyuma, umurambo waje gushyingurwa i Konstantinople mu cyubahiro gikwiye iyo ntwari yitangiye Ivanjili. Nuko  ibitabo n’amabaruwa yanditse bigirira akamaro gakomeye Kiliziya. Yohani Krizostome ni umwe mubo Kiliziya yahaye ikuzo ryo kwitwa "Abalimu ba Kiliziya (Docteurs de l'Église )" Tumwizihiza ku itariki 13 Nzeri.

(Byakusanyijwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, diocese Byumba. Ku yandi makuru ku nyandiko twakusanyije ku mibereho y'abatagatifu bariza kuri tel: 0788757494/ 0782889963,ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA).

IBYO WAMENYA KU MUNSI MUKURU W’IZINA RITAGATIFU RYA MARIYA

… Kwizihiza izina ritagatifu rya Mariya byatangiriye mu gihugu cya Hispaniya mu mwaka w’1513, Papa Inosenti XI ategeka ko wizihizwa ku isi hose mu1683 … Ni Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II wawusubijeho mu mwaka w’2002...

Mariya ni umubyeyi wacu. Yezu ubwe ni ko yabishatse igihe abwira Bikira Mariya amwereka Yohani Intumwa ati: “dore umwana wawe”. Mutagatifu Yohani yari mu mwanya wacu twese. Birumvikana ko Kiliziya igira umunsi mukuru itwibutsa izina rya Mariya, umubyeyi wacu. Nta zina rinyura umuntu nk’irya nyina wamubyaye. Mariya ni umubyeyi wacu, ni n’umwamikazi wacu.

Kwizihiza izina ritagatifu rya Mariya byatangiriye mu gihugu cya Hispaniya mu mwaka w’1513, noneho ku itariki 25 Ugushyingo mu mwaka w’1683 Papa Inosenti XI ategeka ko wizihizwa ku isi hose, mu rwego rwo gushimira Bikira Mariya ku mutsindo abakirisitu bari bamaze gutsinda abaturuki (Turcs) b’abayisilamu, i Viyene mu gihugu cya Otirishi.

Uyu munsi mukuru washyizwe kuwa 12 Nzeri, ari ukugira ngo twibuke uburyo Bikira Mariya yagobotse abakirisitu bari batewe n’ingabo z’abanzi babo b’abayisilamu. Abayisilamu bari bateye igihugu cya Otirishi mu Burayi, Yohani Sobiyesiki  (Jean III Sobieski) umwami wa Polonye n’ingabo ze atabara afatanyije na Karoli wa  V igikomangoma cya Loreni ( Lorraine) mu Bufaransa.

Kuva icyo gihe, uwo mutsindo wizihizwaga ku cyumweru gikurikira itariki 8 Nzeri ari wo munsi w’ivuka rya Bikira Mariya.

Mu ntangiriro y’igisekuruza cya XX, Papa Piyo wa X yawushyize ku itariki ya 12 Nzeri mu rwego rwo kwizihiza intsinzi y’abakirisitu ku bayisilamu muri rwa rugamba rwabereye i Viyene.

Mu w’1683 Yohani Sebuleski yahagurukanye n’ingabo ku itariki ya 15 Kanama, kuri Asomusiyo. Imbere hagenda ibendera ryanditseho izina rya Mariya. Bageze ku gasozi kari hejuru y’umujyi wa Viyene, mu majyaruguru yawo, umwami Yohani Sobiyeski amaze gusaba ko haba misa yo gusabira izo ngabo, misa yasomwe na padiri Mariko wa Aviyano wari Omoniye w’ingabo z’abakirisitu mu Burayi bw’Iburengerazuba. Umwami Sobiyesiki, ubwe, misa igiye guhumuza asenga yiyambaza Bikira Mariya Umubyeyi w’Imana, misa irangiye agaba igitero kuri za ngabo z’abaturki  (Turcs) zari hagati y’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150,000) n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000).

Izo ngabo z’abayisilamu zibonye igitero zigira ubwoba bwinshi cyane zirahunga, maze ibihugu by’iburayi bw’iburengerazuba birimo Hongiriya, Transilivaniya, Sloveniya na Krowasiya bigira amahoro. Izi ngabo z’abaturki kandi zari zarahiriye gufata igice kinini cy’Uburayi ndetse zikanafata Roma. Icyo gihe umuhire Mariko wa Aviyano yari yagiye kumvisha umwami Yohani Sobiyeski wa Polonye kuza gutabara umujyi wa Viyene afite ingabo ibihumbi mirongo ine gusa. Icyo gihe umujyi wa Viyene wari hafi gufatwa, wiringiye gusa ubuvunnyi bw’Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya, dore ko ishusho ya Bikira  Mariya yari ishushanyije ku mabendera yose y’izo ngabo z’abakirisitu zatabaraga umujyi wa Viyeni.

Kuva rero ku itariki 14 Nyakanga abayisilamu bari bahanganye n’abakirisitu, mbese bigaragara ko hasigaye amasaha make uwo mujyi ugafatwa. Urugamba rwatangiye mu rukerera ku itariki 11 Nzeri rumara umunsi umwe, kuko ku mugoroba w’uwo munsi, ibendera umwami w’abayisilamu yari atwaye ryigaruriwe n’umwami Yohani Sobiyeski w’umukirisitu. Nuko abasirikare b’umwami Yohani III Sebiyesiki barwana n’izo ngabo z’abayisilamu bamaze kwambaza Bikira Mariya, banesha abayisilamu. Bakiza batyo Uburyayi icyorezo cy’abayisilamu. Nuko mu gitondo cyo ku itariki 12 Nzeri umwami Sobiyesiki yinjira mu mujyi wa Viyene mu byishimo bikomeye, maze ajya mu misa muri Kiliziya yitiriwe Bikira Mariya w’i Lorete, gushimira Bikira Mariya. Icyo gihe na Papa Inosenti wa XI wariho icyo gihe abona ko iyo ntsinzi ari Bikira Mariya wayitanze.

Mu w’1970, uyu munsi wari warakuwe kuri Kalendari ya liturujiya (calendrier romain). Ni Papa YohaniPawulo wa II wawusubijeho mu mwaka w’2002.

(Byakusanyijwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, diocese Byumba. Ku yandi makuru ku nyandiko twakusanyije ku mibereho y'abatagatifu bariza kuri tel: 0782889963/ 0722889963,   ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA)

 

Icyo amategeko avuga ku mushumba wa Diyosezi

Abepiskopi Antoni Karidinali Kambanda na
Myr Visenti Harolimana bari muri yubile
 y'imyaka 31 bahawe ubusaseridoti

… atangira inshingano byibuze mu mezi 2 abitorewe, agomba guharanira ko imihamagaro yiyongera, hakaboneka abihayimana n’abasaseridoti bahagije. Iyo bobaye ngombwa ko ajya mu yindi diyosezi hagomba kubaho ubwumvikane na mugenzi we. Ni umugabuzi w’ibanze w’amayobera y’Imana.  …

Umushumba wa diyosezi ni umusaseridoti wahawe ubwepiskopi, agahabwa inkoni y’ubushumba kandi akicazwa mu ntebe igenewe umwepiskopi wa diyosezi, akaba ayifiteho ububasha busesuye kandi bwihariye mu buryo butaziguye ku byo yemerewe n’amategeko. Iyo nta kibibuza mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, uwatorewe kuba umushumba wa diyosezi atangira inshingano byibuze mu mezi abiri abimenyeshejwe, igihe yari asanzwe ari umwepiskopi cyangwa mu mezi ane igihe ari umupadiri watorewe izo nshingano.

Umushumba wa diyosezi akora ibishoboka byose agamije kurinda uburenganzira bw’abasaseridoti kandi akajya abatega amatwi kuko ari abafasha be kandi bakaba n’abajyanama be. Ni we ushinzwe mbere y’abandi kwita ku cyateza imbere imibereho myiza yabo, ku buzima bwa roho no mu by’ubwenge. Agomba guharanira ko imihamagaro yiyongera, hakaboneka abihayimana n’abiyeguriyimana bahagije.

Yitanga atiziganya kugira ngo abemera barusheho gusobanukirwa ukuri kw’ukwemera kandi babeho muri ko. Umushumba wa diyosezi asabwa gutanga urugero rwiza rw’ubutungane mu rukundo, mu bwiyoroshye, agaharanira ko abo yaragijwe bitagatifuza, buri wese mu muhamagaro we. Umwepiskopi ni umugabuzi w’ibanze w’amayobera y’Imana.

Umushumba wa diyosezi akorera ubutumwa bwe (les fonctions pontificales) muri diyosezi ye. Iyo bobaye ngombwa ko ajya mu yindi diyosezi hagomba kubaho ubwumvikane na mugenzi we (le consentement exprès, de l’Ordinaire du lieu). Umushumba wa diyosezi ashinzwe kuyobora diyosezi yahawe, mu nguni zose zijyanye n’ubuyobozi bwayo (pouvoir législatif, exécutif et judiciaire). Ashobora gutora abamufasha muri zo nshingano, hakaboneka ibisonga bimufasha gusohoza neza ubutumwa. (les Vicaires généraux, les Vicaires épiscopaux et Vicaires judiciaires).

Umwepiskopi ufite imyaka 75 y’amavuko asabwa kwandikira Papa asaba kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, kimwe n’ufite impamvu zumvikana zituma atagishoboye gusohoza neza inshingano ze nk’umwepiskopi.  Iyo ubwegure bwemewe, uwari umushumba wa diyosezi yitwa umushumba wa diyosezi uri mu kiruhuko (d’Évêque émérite) wa diyosezi ye, agakomeza gutura muri iyo diyosezi na yo ikagumana inshingano zo kumwitaho. Ashobora no guhitama kujya kuba mu yindi. Urugero ni abepiskopi bari mu kiruhuko ba diyosezi ya Kibungo : Myr Kizito Bahujimihugo uba muri diyosezi ya Byumba na Myr Fréderic Rubwejanga uba mu bubiligi, mu muryango w'Aba 'Trappiste' (Orde Cistercien de la Stricte Observance,OCSO), washinzwe na Padiri Armand Jean Le Bouthillier de Rancé. (ushaka ku menya byinshi ku mushumba wa Diyosezi, soma igitabo cy’amategeko ya Kiliziya, kuva ku itegeko rya 375 kugeza ku itegeko rya 402 (Canon 375- Canon 402).

Indi nkuru bifitanye isano :

Umwepiskopi atorwa ate ?

Mutagatifu Gerigori, Umukurambere wa Kiliziya

... bati : « ni abongereza » na we ati : « iyo mumbwira ahubwo ko ari abamalayika ». Ni ishyano ko Roho Mutagatifu atabatuye mu mitima, ntibagize uko basa bibaho...mateka ya Kiliziya bamwita kandi Gerigori w’ikirangirire. Yabaye vuba…

Mutagatifu Gerigori wa I, mu mateka ya Kiliziya bamwita kandi Gerigori w’ikirangirire. Nibyo koko, yabaye ikirangirire kuva akiri muto, kugera aho asangiye Uwo yiyeguriye. 

Haba mu mavuko, kuko yabyawe n’imfura nkuru z’i Roma, haba ku bwenge butangaje n’ubutagatifu bwe bw’indakemwa, haba mu bikorwa byose, haba kandi ku ikuzo Kiliziya yamuhaye kare ataranatorerwa kuba Papa. Yabaye vuba Karidinali, aba kenshi intumwa ikomeye ya Papa mu butumwa bukomeye mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi. Byose kandi akabitunganya bimuhiriye, bihesheje Kiliziya ikuzo ryinshi, ni ikirangirire ko cyizihiye Nyagasani. Ni umuhanga mu nyigisho za Kiliziya.

Mutagatifu Siliviya
umubyeyi wa Gerigori

Gerigori wa I yavukiye i Roma muri 540. Nyina ni Mutagatifu Siliviya naho Se Gorudiyani, na we yari imfura cyane n’umujyanama mukuru w’ingoma ngari y’abaromani, ari umukristu kandi avanze imigenzo yabwo myiza n’umurava w’imfura ziburambyeho cyane. Umuryango wa Gerigori wa I avukamo wari ukomeye ku bukristu. Ababyeyi be bombi, Gorudiyani na Siliviya ni abatagatifu. Murumva rero ko Gerigori yari afite kirera. Amaze kuba umusore agaragaza koko ko ubupfura n’ubutagatifu yarerewemo bitapfuye ubusa.

N’ubwo umwami yashakaga ko yakurikira inzira z’isi se n’abakurambere bari barakurikiye zo kubahiriza ingoma z’abaromani, akabanza ndetse kwemera kuba na we ubwe umutware ukomeye i Roma, yagize atya ata aho ikuzo n’umukiro w’isi, aho se apfiriye, ajya kwiha Imana, mu muryango w’abamonaki ba mutagatifu Benedigito. Mu mwaka wa 527, nibwo yagizwe umuyobozi w’umujyi, nyamara mwaka 574 ahitamo kwizitura ku byisi kugira ngo yegukire Imana mu mibereho y’abamonaki. Yashinze ibigo byinshi by’abamonaki muri Sisile (Scile).

Urugo rwa se yaruhinduyemo urw’abamonaki. Bidatinze bamutorera kuba umukuru wabo. Rimwe asanga i Roma ku karubanda abongereza bafashweho ingaruzwamuheto. Ubwiza bwabo bw’umubiri buramutangaza cyane. Abaza ubwoko bwabo, bati : « ni abongereza » na we ati : « iyo mumbwira ahubwo ko ari abamalayika ». Ni ishyano ko Roho Mutagatifu atabatuye mu mitima, ntibagize uko basa bibaho. Bavuga ko ariho yakurije kwita cyane kuri icyo gihugu aho abereye Papa, akaboherereza abamonaki bo kubigisha ubukristu.

Agusitini wa Kantoruberi

Umukurambere w’ingenzi mu bahigishije yohereje ni Mutagatifu Agusitini wa Kantoruberi. Ataraba ariko Papa, yabanje gukorera Kiliziya uko twabivuze, imirimo ikomeye cyane. No mu bamonaki ndetse ntiyahatinze. Papa Pelaji wa II arahamuvana amwohereza i Konstantinopoli kuhamubera umuvugizi (igisonga). Icyo gihe Konstantinopoli yari ingoma ya mbere mu isi, kuko iy’abaromani b’i Burengerazuba, ababarubari (abarwanyi b’abanyamisozi) bari bayitsinze. Yageze yo ahahindura umwigishabinyoma w’ikirangirire cyane witwaga Ewutikiyusi. Amuhindurana n’abigishwa be benshi.

Aho agarukiye i Roma ashingwa kenshi gukorera Kiliziya imirimo iruhije cyane, ariko na yo ayihirwamo yose. Yahawe n’ubundi butumwa bukomeye na papa mu bindi bihugu. Byose abigaragazamo ubwenge bwe n’ubutagatifu bwe. Yabaye umunyamabanga n’umujyanama wa Papa Pelaji wa II.

Papa Pelaji wa II aho amariye gupfa mu mwaka wa 590, Gerigori atorerwa kumuzungura ku ntebe ya mutagatifu Petero. Hari hashize amezi atandatu Kiliziya idafite papa. Papa Pelaji wa II yayoboye Kiliziya kuva 26 Ugushyingo 570 kugeza kuwa 7 Gashyantare 590. Aho Gerigori abereye Papa, yita cyane ku kogeza Ingoma y’Imana hose ariko mbere na mbere mu Bwongereza. Indirimbo za misa ni we wazihaye ishingiro zifite n’ubu. Ubwo ni nako yandika ibitabo bitangaje byo gusobanura Ivanjili n’iyoboka-Mana ritagatifu.

Gerigori yabaye Papa wa 64 wicaye ntebe y’umusimbura wa mutagatifu Petero Intumwa, kuva kuwa 3 Nzeri 590 kugera kuwa 12 Werurwe 604. Ni we mupapa wambere wubashywe bikomeye na Kiliziya y’iburengereazuba, ibitabo bye yanditswe byifashishwa n’aborutodogisi (l'Église orthodoxe) ndtese na Kiliziya Gatulika, kandi izo kiliziya zombi zikubaha ubutagatifu bwe, nk’umwe mu bakurambere ba Kiliziya (les Pères de l’Église). 

Mu nyandiko yasize zirimo amabaruwa 800, igitabo cyitwa “des Dialogues” kigizwe n’imizingo itatu. Mu muzingo wa II nimwo dusanga ubuzima bwa mutagatifu Benedigito w’i Nurusiya (Benoît de Nursie), umukurambere w’ababenedigitini. Ingoma ye ibarirwa mu za mbere zubahirije Kiliziya kurusha izindi.

Zimwe mu nyandiko za mutagatifu Gerigori

(Twifuje kuzigaragza zanditswe mu rurimi rw’igifransa hamwe n’ikilatini kugira ngo zitaza gutakaza umwimerere wazo biturutse ku ihinduranyandimi)

1. Commentaire sur le Cantique des Cantiques, Cerf, 1984
2. Commentaires moraux aux livres de Job (595), livres 33-35 (Cerf, 2010), livres 30-32 (Cerf, 2009). Trois volumes publiés - textes latin et français avec notes - dans la collection Sources chrétiennes avec le titre Morales sur Job : Tome 1 : livres I-II. Tome 2 : livres XI-XIV. Tome 3 : livres XV-XVI.
3. Dialogues (Dialogorum libri quattuor de vita et miraculis patrum italicorum et de æternitate animorum, 593-594), livres I, II et III (Cerf, 1979), IV (Cerf, 1980). Trad. abbé Henry (1851). 
4. Homélies sur l'Évangile, homélies 1-20 (Cerf, 2005), 21-40 (Cerf, 2008). Trad. des moines bénédictins de l'abbaye de Sainte-Madeleine du Barroux.
5. Registre des lettres (600), livres I et II (Cerf, 1991), III-IV (Cerf, 1990). Collection de 848 lettres de correspondance officielle.
6. La Règle pastorale (Regulæ pastoralis liber, 591), livres I et II (Cerf, 1992), livres III et IV (Cerf, 1992)

Gerigori yapfuye kuwa 12 Werurwe 604, yandikwa bidatinze mu gitabo cy’abatagatifu. Yabaye kandi mu ba mbere Kiliziya yahaye ikuzo ryo kwitwa abarimu bayo (docteurs de l'Église). Tumwizihiza kuwa 3 Nzeri. Kiliziya y’Aborutodogisi yo imuhimbaza kuwa 12 Werurwe.

(Twifashishije ibyahinduwe na padiri Theophile TWAGIRAYEZU, umusaseridoti wa diyosezi ya Byumba, ku bindi yakusanije, bariza kuri 0788757494/ 0782889963 z’ubunyamabanga bwa SPES MEA).