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Saint sébastien (photo: Les Archers d'Anet |
Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani, umumaritiri w’umuromani wabaye ikirangirire, yavukie
i ‘Narbonne’mu majyepfo y’Ubufaransa. Ni umutaliyani w’i Milan. Ntibizwi neza
igihe yavukiye, bavuga ko yavutse mu kinyejana cya III, agakundwa cyane na
n’abami Diyokelesiyani na Magisimiyani (empereurs Dioclétien et Maximien
Hercule), kugeza ubwo Diyokelesiyani amugize umutware w’urugo rwe n’umugaba
w’Ingabo ze. Mu gihe cy’itotezwa ry’abakristu ku ngoma ya Diyokelesiyani,
Sebasitiyani yishwe azira gushyigikira abo bari basangiye ukwemera kwa
gikristu. Hari mu kinyejana cya IV. Igitabo cyandikwamo abahowe Imana (Martyrologe
romain) kigaragaza ko yizihizwa kuwa 20 Mutarama muri kiliziya y’iburasirazuba
no kuwa 18 Ukuboza muri kiliziya y’iburengerazuba.
N’ubwo yari umukristu uhamye, yakunzwe cyane n’abapagani. Yahisemo kuba
umusirikari, yigomwa ubukire bw’iwabo akiri muto agamije kurengera Kiliziya yatotezwaga
bikomeye, afasha abakristu kuko nawe yari we, bigatuma urubanza baciriwe rwo
kwicwa rutabaca intege ngo bihakane Imana. Sebasitiyani yari afite ingabire y’Imana
imuha ubuhanga no gushishoza ; ntiyigeze atererana Kristu kandi nta n’ubwo
yigeze agaragariza abarwanya Kiliziya ko akunda Kristu, bityo abasha kugoboka
kenshi imfungwa z’abakristu zari zaragowe bitavugwa. Uko kwiitangira Kiliziya, kwatumye ahabwa
izina ry’Umurengezi wa Kiliziya.
Umunsi umwe yari aherekeje imbohe z’impanga, Mariko na Mariselini,
arabakomeza kugira ngo batsinde igishuko cy’umuryango wabo wabashishikarizaga
guhakana ubukristu ango baticwa, badahorwa Imana. Uku gukomeza Mariko na
Mariselini kwabaye imbarutso y’igitangaza kuko byatumye umugore witwa Zowe
(Zoé) utarashoboraga kuvuga, nyuma yo gutwarwa n’amagambo yabwirwaga izo mbohe,
yegeriye Sebasitiyani, bituma yongera kuvuga. Iki gitangaza cyatumye
ababyiboneye n’amaso benshi bahinduka bemera Yezu Kristu kandi benshi bakira
uburwayi bunyuranye. Ibi ntibyatinze kugera ku muyobozi w’umujyi wa Roma, préfet Chromace, wari urwaye bikomeye. Nuko yogira inama yo gusaba ubufasha
Sebasitiyani na padiri Polikarupe, bamusazeranya ko bamukiza niyemera ko
ibibumbano byinshi bisenywa. Uyu muyobozi yaje kwegura, arahinduka aba
umukristu bituma akira indwara nuko icyo gitangaza gihindura abantu bagera kuri
4 000, bitagombeye ko malayika abonekera abo kwa Chromace.
Igihe cyarageze Sebasitiyani aregwa ibwami kuri Diyokelesiyani wamukundaga
cyane ko ashyigikira abakristu. Bamuhatiye kureka kuba umukristu, we ntiyava ku
izima. Igihe ahinguts imbere y’umwami, azira ubwoba, yahamije ko ari umwigishwa
wa Yezu Kristu: nuko Diyoklesiyani aramubwira ati : ‘waratinyutse!
naragukungahaje, ngutuza ibwami, none ngo uri umwanzi w’umwami n’uw’imana zacu
?’. Sebasitiyani ati : ‘ iteka ryose nambaje izina rya Yezu Kristu nsaba ngo
uzarokoke kandi urambe ku ngoma, kandi iteka ryose nasenze Imana yo mu Ijuru’. Diyoklesiyani
abonye ko Sebasitiyani ari umwemeramana udahinyuka, yahisemo kumutanga ngo
yicwe. Umwami yategetse ko Sebasitiyani azirikwa ku giti, akicishwa imyambi
n’abasirikari yari akuriye. Sebasitiyani yatewe imyambi myinshi kugeza aho aba nka
yamaswa wagira ngo ifite imyambi mu ruhu, bamusiga aho bagira ngo apfe nyamara
Imana yemera iramukiza.
Nyuma yaje gusubira ibwami, atakambira Diyokelesiyani, amwereka ibyiza
by’ubukristu ariko we ntiyahinduka. Igihe kimwe Sebasitiyani ahengera umwami
akikijwe n’ingabo ze n’abandi bantu benshi, araza n’imbere ye, ati: ‘Nyaguhorana
ingoma, niba udakuyeho iteka waciye ryo kurimbura abakristu, kandi aribo
bayoboke bawe b’ukuri, Imana itarenganya iraguhannye vuba bidatinze. Warantanze
ngo banyice; nyamara Imana yankomereje ubugingo ngo nze kukubwira ibyo nkubwiye’.
Diyoklesiyani ngo amare kubyumva ntiyahinduka, ati: ‘Uratumitse none ho genda
bakwice mbireba’. Ubwo ategeka ko akubitwa inkoni ikozwe mu cyuma (verges) kugeza
ashizemo umwuka, apfa atyo, aguye i Roma, Hari kuwa 20 Mutarama 288. Umubiri we
bawujugunye mu mazi bagira ngo abakristu batawubona bakajya bamwiyambaza-
vénérer. Kuko umuntu w’Imana atazima, Sebasitiyani yabonekeye mutagatifu
Lusiya, amuhishurira aho umubiri we uri.
IBITANGAZA BYAKURIKIYE URUPFU RWE
Nyuma yo kubonekera mutagatifu Lusiya, ku ngoma y’umwami Humbert, ubutaliyani,
by’umwihariko umujyi wa Pavie, bwugarijwe n’icyorezo-peste- cyahitanye abantu
benshi. Malayika yabonekeye abatuye i Pavie, abamenyesha ko icyorezo kizahoshwa
no kubaka aritali yatuwe mutagatifu Sebasitiyani. Iyo aritali imaze kubakwa mu
kiliziya (église Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens) icyorezo cyarakize, nuko ibisigaye
by’umubiri wa mutagatifu Sebasitiyani (reliques)
bijyanwa i Pavie kugira ngo uwo mu maritiri yiyambazwe n’abakristu.
Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ni umwe mu batagatifu b’abasirikari bahowe Imana ba
kiliziya y’ikubitiro. Ibihugu bimwe bimufata nk’umurinzi w’abasirikare,
abarinzi b’i Roma (gardes suisses) n’abofisiye ba polisi. Ni umurinzi
w’imiryango imwe n’imwe y’abihayimana. (Confrérie Saint- Sébastien de
Bligny-sur-Ouche en Côte-d’Or, l'ordre des chevaliers de Saint Sébastien de
Soissons) akaba n’umurinzi w’imijyi myinshi ;
1. Bratislava, umurwa mukuru wa Slovaquie
2. Caserta, Avella, Mistretta na Assolo mu butaliyani
3. Melilli na Cerami muri Sicile
4. Rio de Janeiro muri Brésil, uyu mujyi washinzwe kuwa 20 Mutarama 1502,
witwa ‘São Sebastião de Rio de Janeiro’
5. Palma de Majorque na Saint-Sébastien muri Espagne
Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ashyinguye i Roma hafi y’ intumwa Petero na Pawulo,
hari n’abavuga ko ibice by’umubiri we byakwirakwijwe muri kiliziya zitandukanye
ku migabane yose. Yiyambazwa cyane cyane iyo hateye ibyorezo. Bivugwa ko muri
iki gihe isi ihanganye na corona, mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ari umwe mu batagatifu biyambajwe
cyane kimwe na mutagatifu Rita na mutagatifu Roch. Uwamamaje cyane imibereho ye ni Mutagatifu
Ambrozi wabaye umwepiskopi wa Milano mu Butaliyani.