Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani, Umurengezi wa Kiliziya

Saint sébastien  (photo: Les Archers d'Anet

Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani, umumaritiri w’umuromani wabaye ikirangirire, yavukie i ‘Narbonne’mu majyepfo y’Ubufaransa. Ni umutaliyani w’i Milan. Ntibizwi neza igihe yavukiye, bavuga ko yavutse mu kinyejana cya III, agakundwa cyane na n’abami Diyokelesiyani na Magisimiyani (empereurs Dioclétien et Maximien Hercule), kugeza ubwo Diyokelesiyani amugize umutware w’urugo rwe n’umugaba w’Ingabo ze. Mu gihe cy’itotezwa ry’abakristu ku ngoma ya Diyokelesiyani, Sebasitiyani yishwe azira gushyigikira abo bari basangiye ukwemera kwa gikristu. Hari mu kinyejana cya IV. Igitabo cyandikwamo abahowe Imana (Martyrologe romain) kigaragaza ko yizihizwa kuwa 20 Mutarama muri kiliziya y’iburasirazuba no kuwa 18 Ukuboza muri kiliziya y’iburengerazuba.

 N’ubwo yari umukristu uhamye, yakunzwe cyane n’abapagani. Yahisemo kuba umusirikari, yigomwa ubukire bw’iwabo akiri muto agamije kurengera Kiliziya yatotezwaga bikomeye, afasha abakristu kuko nawe yari we, bigatuma urubanza baciriwe rwo kwicwa rutabaca intege ngo bihakane Imana. Sebasitiyani yari afite ingabire y’Imana imuha ubuhanga no gushishoza ; ntiyigeze atererana Kristu kandi nta n’ubwo yigeze agaragariza abarwanya Kiliziya ko akunda Kristu, bityo abasha kugoboka kenshi imfungwa z’abakristu zari zaragowe bitavugwa.  Uko kwiitangira Kiliziya, kwatumye ahabwa izina ry’Umurengezi wa Kiliziya.  

Umunsi umwe yari aherekeje imbohe z’impanga, Mariko na Mariselini, arabakomeza kugira ngo batsinde igishuko cy’umuryango wabo wabashishikarizaga guhakana ubukristu ango baticwa, badahorwa Imana. Uku gukomeza Mariko na Mariselini kwabaye imbarutso y’igitangaza kuko byatumye umugore witwa Zowe (Zoé) utarashoboraga kuvuga, nyuma yo gutwarwa n’amagambo yabwirwaga izo mbohe, yegeriye Sebasitiyani, bituma yongera kuvuga. Iki gitangaza cyatumye ababyiboneye n’amaso benshi bahinduka bemera Yezu Kristu kandi benshi bakira uburwayi bunyuranye. Ibi ntibyatinze kugera ku muyobozi w’umujyi wa Roma, préfet Chromace, wari urwaye bikomeye.  Nuko yogira inama yo gusaba ubufasha Sebasitiyani na padiri Polikarupe, bamusazeranya ko bamukiza niyemera ko ibibumbano byinshi bisenywa. Uyu muyobozi yaje kwegura, arahinduka aba umukristu bituma akira indwara nuko icyo gitangaza gihindura abantu bagera kuri 4 000, bitagombeye ko malayika abonekera abo kwa Chromace.

Igihe cyarageze Sebasitiyani aregwa ibwami kuri Diyokelesiyani wamukundaga cyane ko ashyigikira abakristu. Bamuhatiye kureka kuba umukristu, we ntiyava ku izima. Igihe ahinguts imbere y’umwami, azira ubwoba, yahamije ko ari umwigishwa wa Yezu Kristu: nuko Diyoklesiyani aramubwira ati : ‘waratinyutse! naragukungahaje, ngutuza ibwami, none ngo uri umwanzi w’umwami n’uw’imana zacu ?’. Sebasitiyani ati : ‘ iteka ryose nambaje izina rya Yezu Kristu nsaba ngo uzarokoke kandi urambe ku ngoma, kandi iteka ryose nasenze Imana yo mu Ijuru’. Diyoklesiyani abonye ko Sebasitiyani ari umwemeramana udahinyuka, yahisemo kumutanga ngo yicwe. Umwami yategetse ko Sebasitiyani azirikwa ku giti, akicishwa imyambi n’abasirikari yari akuriye. Sebasitiyani yatewe imyambi myinshi kugeza aho aba nka yamaswa wagira ngo ifite imyambi mu ruhu, bamusiga aho bagira ngo apfe nyamara Imana yemera iramukiza.  

Nyuma yaje gusubira ibwami, atakambira Diyokelesiyani, amwereka ibyiza by’ubukristu ariko we ntiyahinduka. Igihe kimwe Sebasitiyani ahengera umwami akikijwe n’ingabo ze n’abandi bantu benshi, araza n’imbere ye, ati: ‘Nyaguhorana ingoma, niba udakuyeho iteka waciye ryo kurimbura abakristu, kandi aribo bayoboke bawe b’ukuri, Imana itarenganya iraguhannye vuba bidatinze. Warantanze ngo banyice; nyamara Imana yankomereje ubugingo ngo nze kukubwira ibyo nkubwiye’. Diyoklesiyani ngo amare kubyumva ntiyahinduka, ati: ‘Uratumitse none ho genda bakwice mbireba’. Ubwo ategeka ko akubitwa inkoni ikozwe mu cyuma (verges) kugeza ashizemo umwuka, apfa atyo, aguye i Roma, Hari kuwa 20 Mutarama 288. Umubiri we bawujugunye mu mazi bagira ngo abakristu batawubona bakajya bamwiyambaza- vénérer. Kuko umuntu w’Imana atazima, Sebasitiyani yabonekeye mutagatifu Lusiya, amuhishurira aho umubiri we uri. 

IBITANGAZA BYAKURIKIYE URUPFU RWE

Nyuma yo kubonekera mutagatifu Lusiya, ku ngoma y’umwami Humbert, ubutaliyani, by’umwihariko umujyi wa Pavie, bwugarijwe n’icyorezo-peste- cyahitanye abantu benshi. Malayika yabonekeye abatuye i Pavie, abamenyesha ko icyorezo kizahoshwa no kubaka aritali yatuwe mutagatifu Sebasitiyani. Iyo aritali imaze kubakwa mu kiliziya (église Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens) icyorezo cyarakize, nuko ibisigaye by’umubiri wa mutagatifu Sebasitiyani (reliques) bijyanwa i Pavie kugira ngo uwo mu maritiri yiyambazwe n’abakristu.

Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ni umwe mu batagatifu b’abasirikari bahowe Imana ba kiliziya y’ikubitiro. Ibihugu bimwe bimufata nk’umurinzi w’abasirikare, abarinzi b’i Roma (gardes suisses) n’abofisiye ba polisi. Ni umurinzi w’imiryango imwe n’imwe y’abihayimana. (Confrérie Saint- Sébastien de Bligny-sur-Ouche en Côte-d’Or, l'ordre des chevaliers de Saint Sébastien de Soissons) akaba n’umurinzi w’imijyi myinshi ;

1.     Bratislava, umurwa mukuru wa Slovaquie

2.     Caserta, Avella, Mistretta na Assolo mu butaliyani

3.     Melilli na Cerami muri Sicile

4.  Rio de Janeiro muri Brésil, uyu mujyi washinzwe kuwa 20 Mutarama 1502, witwa   ‘São Sebastião de Rio de Janeiro’

5.     Palma de Majorque na Saint-Sébastien muri Espagne

Mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ashyinguye i Roma hafi y’ intumwa Petero na Pawulo, hari n’abavuga ko ibice by’umubiri we byakwirakwijwe muri kiliziya zitandukanye ku migabane yose. Yiyambazwa cyane cyane iyo hateye ibyorezo. Bivugwa ko muri iki gihe isi ihanganye na corona, mutagatifu Sebasitiyani ari umwe mu batagatifu biyambajwe cyane kimwe na mutagatifu Rita na mutagatifu Roch.  Uwamamaje cyane imibereho ye ni Mutagatifu Ambrozi wabaye umwepiskopi wa Milano mu Butaliyani.